Tungsten is a very hard metal with a melting temperature of approx. 3400ºC (6150ºF).

Tungsten is used in a pure or alloyed state as a non-filler metal electrode in arc welding, arc cutting and plasma spraying. The electrodes for arc welding are manufactured in a variety of sizes, lengths and types. Standard diameters range from 0.25 to 6.4mm (0.010 to 1/4 in.) and they are available in lengths of 175mm. Table 1 shows the classifications, colour coding and alloying elements of various commonly used electrodes.

The current carrying capacity for Tungsten electrodes depends on the Tungsten alloy used, electrode diameter and current polarity.

An electrode of a given size will have its greatest current carrying capacity with direct current, electrode negative (DCEN). Carrying capacity decreases with alternating current and is the least with direct current, currents and diameters for electrodes operating under an argon gas shield.

Zirconiated tungsten electrodes are generally used with AC. They maintain a balled end, which is preferred for Aluminium and Magnesium welding in AC. Alloying Tungsten electrodes with Thoria, Ceria, Lanthana and Zirconia makes them start easier and stabilizes the arc. They also have a greater current carrying capacity than the same diameter pure Tungsten electrode.

The alloyed electrodes, excepting Zirconium alloyed type, are basically designed for direct current operation. The Zirconium alloyed Tungsten is ideal for AC operation and the welding of Aluminum and Magnesium.

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